October 2015 saw a noticeable and unexpected détente in the conflict in Mali, which paved the way for a series of local negotiations and talks in Anefis. Even in the capital city, Bamako, the pessimism of the past few months is giving way to cautious optimism. This “bottom-up” reconciliation could stimulate the implementation of the peace accord signed in June, which is stalled since summer 2015. This report by the International Crisis Group (ICG) highlights the possibilities offered by local approaches to conflict resolution like the one adopted in Anefis, where key local, business, and military actors whose authority does not necessarily come from traditional roots have been involved in the negotiations. However, ICG still regards the situation in Mali as extremely fragile, as demonstrated by the attacks carried out on November 20, 2015 at the Radisson Hotel by groups excluded from the peace process. The authors’ analysis is followed by an assessment of the peace process and a proposal of four fundamental measures for preventing a relapse into weak governance and violence and revitalizing the peace and reconciliation agreement.